graphene nanocomposites : Nowadays, researchers have been able to produce tough materials and light materials by adding a small amount of graphene to metals, polymers and ceramics. Usually, composites are more conductive than pure mass materials and more resistant to heat. In addition, the creation of functional groups on the graphene surface, the special surface area of graphene and the high adhesion strength between the graphene interface and the selected material enhance the final properties of the nanocomposite.
What is graphene being used for?
graphene sheet : Graphene exists in many forms, including graphene nanosheets (GNP), graphene nanowires (GNR) or graphene oxide (GO). In general, graphene nanowires are produced by carbon nanotube separation during chemical oxidation, graphene oxide by graphite oxidation, and graphene nanosheets by graphite separation using micromechanical fission. Graphene-based materials can be easily modified by polymers, small molecules, and biomolecules through non-covalent interactions to improve their thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. Can be. Factors that influence the choice of graphene include:
- Properties, shape or morphology of the desired graphene product
- Quality and application of graphene materials
- Laboratory to industrial graphene production scale
- Graphene stability and controllability of the graphene production process.
According to the above, the use of graphite dip method, graphite oxide dipping or reduction or CVD method for producing graphene is useful in making this type of composite.
A Comprehensive Review of Graphene Nanocomposites
graphene uses : In recent years the use of graphene has increased due to its unique properties such as light weight, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity in various fields. Graphene compounds can make a big difference in the market for smart and electronic textiles, military textiles, medical and health textiles by producing conductive textiles, thermal conductors, antimicrobials, waterproofs, etc. Graphene properties: Generally the most important Graphene properties that increase its application in various fields include:
- Low density
- High transparency
- Be firm (even with diamonds)
- High modulus of elasticity and good resistance to deformation
- Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity
- Water repellency
- Strong toxic effect on a variety of bacteria (antimicrobial)
- Resistance to gas penetration
Despite the advantages mentioned, the most important challenge of using graphene-based materials is their low dispersion in organic solvents. One way to overcome this problem is to functionalize graphene using hydroxyl, epoxy and carboxylic groups. Grafting of different macromolecules to graphene also prevents the accumulation of graphene nanoparticles and improves thermal stability.
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graphene strength : If you’ve ever written text with a soft pencil (like 4B) at high speed, you’ve noticed the softness of the pencil. In fact, the carbon layers are easily separated from the graphite and sit on paper. As mentioned above, the bonding between the layers is not strong in graphite and breaks easily. But the bond inside these layers is actually the bond between the carbon that makes up this layer (such as carbon nanotubes). To date, graphene is the strongest material ever discovered (more than diamonds and up to 200 times stronger than steel) by humans.
Significantly, graphene is rigid but flexible; so if you stretch it by 20 to 25 percent, it is flexible without breaking the bond between its atoms in front of you. The reason for these extraordinary properties is still unclear. But suppose graphene can be combined with other materials (such as plastic). In this case, we have made a rigid but thin and light mix that can have many applications in the industry. Imagine using this blend in the body of a passenger car; lightweight and thinness combined with high strength and hardness save energy and no doubt the future is going to use this blend.
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graphene vs diamond : How is graphene made? Hold a regular pencil and place a tape on the graphite brain. This will leave a thin layer of graphite on the tape. Repeat this process and make sure that each time the thickness of the layer becomes thinner and thinner. Hopefully you will eventually reach an atom thick layer. Your graphene is ready!
The relatively simple and crude method described above is one of the methods of graphene production, called mechanical adhesion peeling. Another method of mechanical peeling is the use of Scanning Force Microscope (SFM). Using the mechanism of this type of microscope, the layers can be carefully removed from each other. Graphene is therefore not one of the most expensive materials in the world right now.
There are many methods for producing graphene in comparison to the laboratory environment, but one method that doubles the hope of producing graphene on an industrial scale is the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method. In this way, carbon-based gas, such as methane, is introduced into a closed chamber. At the bottom of this system is a substrate, like a piece of copper. At the appropriate temperature and pressure, one layer of graphene can be deposited on the substrate. The CVD method can work with both thermal and plasma mechanisms.
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